欧洲央行对参与数字欧元试点项目的商户进行筛选,并警告谨防诈骗。

欧洲央行

The European Central Bank is screening merchant applications for its planned digital euro pilot after the application window closed this week. The ECB’s pilot website says selection results are expected by early 2027. Its frequently asked questions, updated October 28, also warn against fake investment and participation offers. Preparations do not mean a digital euro has been approved for public issuance. Key Takeaways What the Pilot Will Test The ECB’s pilot overview describes a controlled exercise using a beta digital euro to test infrastructure, payment processes and user experience. Participants will include 36 payment service providers licensed in the euro area, selected merchants, and staff from the ECB and 19 national central banks. Test transactions will include everyday activities such as shop purchases and payments between individuals. The exercise is intended to assess usability, resilience and the system’s ability to handle activity at scale. For merchants, these tests concern more than the payment instrument itself. As with other digital payment methods, acceptance depends on the systems connecting the customer, merchant and payment provider. Pilot Preparations Are Separate From Public Issuance The updated pilot FAQs state that the ECB will decide on issuance only after EU lawmakers adopt the digital euro regulation. The pilot therefore does not establish a public launch date or open access for everyone. It also should not be confused with a privately issued stablecoin. Understanding how stablecoins work helps distinguish an issuer-backed token from a central bank’s proposed digital payment instrument. Both may be discussed as digital money, but their issuers, legal arrangements and access conditions differ. Fake Participation Offers Target the Public The ECB says it is aware of emails, letters and fraudulent websites inviting people to invest in the digital euro or join the pilot. It states that it does not ask people for investments, money or personal information through such offers. A message promising early access or investment returns is therefore not evidence of official participation. The warning reinforces a basic precaution when making a digital-asset payment: verify the recipient and purpose independently before authorising a transfer. An official-looking logo or reference to a genuine project does not authenticate a payment request. Conclusion Merchant screening moves the pilot’s preparations forward, while the broader issuance decision remains dependent on legislation and subsequent ECB action. The distinction matters for businesses assessing future payment options—and for anyone approached with an unsolicited offer to invest or participate.

韩国因应用支付限制对谷歌和苹果处以罚款

韩国罚款

South Korea’s communications regulator has imposed combined penalties of 63.71 billion won on Google and Apple over app-store payment practices. The October 28 decision includes corrective orders addressing payment choice and app-review procedures. The Korea Media and Communications Commission imposed 42.9 billion won on Google and 20.81 billion won on Apple. Key Takeaways Alternative Payments Were Available, but With Restrictions According to Associated Press reporting, the commission found that the companies pushed developers toward their own billing systems while restricting payments through external websites. Third-party in-app payment options carried a 26% commission and lacked some features available through the companies’ own systems, the regulator said. The issue illustrates the difference between nominal payment choice and a commercially usable alternative. Allowing another processor may provide limited flexibility if fees and access conditions make switching unattractive. Regulators Order Changes to App Reviews The commission’s announcement followed investigations beginning in 2022. Its findings covered forced payment methods, unfair app-review delays and, in Apple’s case, harm to users’ interests. The action follows South Korea’s 2021 legislation prohibiting app-market operators from forcing developers to use specific payment systems. Apple told AP that its practices comply with local law. It also defended its billing safeguards against fraud. Google had not responded to AP when the report was published. Payment Choice Involves More Than a Checkout Button For developers, moving to an external checkout involves deciding who handles payment confirmation, refunds, recurring charges and customer support. A payment gateway connects checkout activity with payment processing. A digital wallet or virtual card serves a different role within that transaction. Offering either does not automatically resolve an app store’s distribution requirements. Subscription businesses also need to consider how changes affect recurring payment arrangements. Replacing a checkout provider can require changes to authorisation, billing records and cancellation processes. These are operational implications of broader payment choice, rather than additional requirements announced by the commission. Conclusion South Korea’s decision challenges restrictions that can make alternative billing difficult to use in practice. The next test is how the corrective orders are implemented and how the companies respond. The penalties alone do not determine the fees developers will ultimately pay.

美国上诉法院驳回美联储的借记卡交换费框架

我们呼吁

美国一家上诉法院维持了撤销美联储借记卡交换费规定的判决,认为美联储将国会指示其排除的成本纳入了计算。第八巡回上诉法院于10月26日在“Corner Post诉美联储”一案中作出的裁决,涉及受监管费用的计算方式。该裁决并未确立替代费率,也未保证商户的支付处理费用会立即降低。关键要点:法院为何驳回该公式?法院的意见认为,《德宾修正案》要求美联储区分处理特定借记卡交易的增量成本与非特定成本。合议庭驳回了美联储将某些固定费用纳入计算的做法。例如,购买欺诈检测软件可能涉及一笔前期费用,该费用不会随着每笔交易的增加而增加。法律问题在于此类成本是否应纳入受监管费用的计算,而非欺诈预防是否重要。交换费是商户账单的一部分。交换费用于补偿发卡银行,通常通过商户的银行支付。该监管框架适用于资产超过100亿美元的受监管借记卡发卡机构。它不应与商户向其支付处理商支付的全部费用混淆。比较支付网关的企业可能会遇到包含多种服务的捆绑定价。一项基础费用的变化并不一定意味着商户合同费率的相应变化。正如消费者金融监测机构的分析所解释的那样,目前尚未设定替代费用,其实际影响部分取决于上诉授权、可能的进一步上诉以及美联储的后续程序。因此,商户不能假定该决定已经改变了其下一笔交易的收费。在比较支持加密货币支付处理的卡时,也应谨慎对待。不同的支付方式有不同的成本构成,包括网络费用、服务费和货币转换费。支付网关的作用也不仅限于资金传输。集成、对账和结算服务也会影响整体商业价格。结论:该裁决对美联储现有借记卡交换费计算方法的法律依据提出了挑战。其对商家的财务影响仍未确定:法院对该公式的裁决是一个重大进展,但这还不是替代收费方案。

Ripple获得信托银行对RLUSD储备和托管的最终批准

纹波

Ripple已获得美国货币监理署(OCC)的最终批准,成立Ripple国家信托银行,这将为其RLUSD稳定币的部分基础设施引入联邦监管。10月26日的批准涵盖储备金管理、受托人职责和数字资产托管。RLUSD将继续由一家在纽约受监管的独立实体发行。要点:批准范围 根据Ripple的公告,该信托银行可以管理支持RLUSD的隔离储备金,并作为代币持有者的抵押受托人。它还被授权在开业后提供数字资产托管服务。储备金和代币之间的区别是稳定币运作的核心。储备金用于支持发行人的义务,而代币则在钱包和交易平台中流通。管理这些储备金与处理单个区块链支付是不同的职能。 RLUSD 发行仍受纽约州监管。Ripple 的纽约州金融服务部监管的有限用途信托公司 Standard Custody & Trust Company 将继续发行 RLUSD。因此,新的架构将责任划分给各个关联实体。联邦政府对储备管理的监管并不意味着发行权已完全转移到国家信托银行。The Block 的报道也指出,该特许权与商业银行牌照有所区别:它不允许进行普通的存款或贷款业务。因此,应根据其授权活动来评估该批准,而不是将其解读为不受限制地获得银行服务。稳定币用户会有哪些变化?直接的变化涉及监管和机构责任。它本身并不为每位 RLUSD 持有者提供新的支付方式、更低的交易费用或不同的提现条款。通过交易所持有代币的用户仍然依赖于该平台的托管和访问安排。不同加密货币钱包类型之间的差异仍然重要,因为发行方的监管和对用户私钥的控制针对的是不同的风险。同样,企业在选择加密钱包进行支付时,除了考虑代币的监管结构外,还必须考虑其支持的网络、转换选项和交易控制。额外监管的实际效益将取决于已批准的职责如何得到落实和监督。结论:Ripple 的最终批准确立了其在联邦监管下承担储备管理和托管的信托银行角色,同时保留了受纽约州监管的 RLUSD 发行权。其意义在于责任的分配;不应将其误解为商业银行牌照或损失担保。

稳定币供应量接近305.5亿美元,USDC合约到期

稳定币

根据 CoinDesk 于 10 月 28 日发布的研究报告,10 月份稳定币总市值几乎没有变化,达到 305.5 亿美元。总市值增长了 0.10%,而 USDC 的供应量下降了 2.80%,至 72.3 亿美元。这些数据反映的是月底前发布的市场快照,而非 10 月份的最终结果。要点:USDC 下跌,其他代币上涨。根据 CoinDesk 研究的 10 月份报告,以太坊约占 USDC 下跌的 1.91 亿美元。Tether 仍然是最大的稳定币,市值达 1830 亿美元,占总市值的 59.9%。此外,USDS 增长了 3.50%,达到 6.74 亿美元,而 USDe 则下降了 3.48%,至 4.67 亿美元。这些变化表明,总市值可能会掩盖单个代币内部的变化。不同类型的稳定币使用不同的机制来支撑其预期价值,因此它们不仅仅是可互换的代币代码。交易活动放缓。中心化交易所稳定币交易对的日均交易量降至310亿美元。报告显示,截至10月20日,交易额为6190亿美元。这些数据指的是交易所交易额,不应将其归类为商户支付、家庭汇款或商品和服务支出。了解稳定币的运作方式有助于区分这些指标。市值反映的是特定时间点的流通价值;交易量衡量的是一段时间内的交易活动。相同的代币可以反复易手,而无需增加流通供应量。反之,新增发行量并不能证明新发行的代币用于支付交易。支付企业可以从数据中获取什么信息?对于正在评估用于支付的加密钱包的企业而言,总供应量可以提供市场背景信息。运营决策仍然取决于具体的代币、支持的网络、流动性和转换机制。评估支付普及率需要提供证据来识别与支付相关的活动,并解释如何排除交易、内部转账和其他资金流动。结论:10月份的快照显示,稳定币供应量总体保持稳定,但交易所交易量有所下降,且代币余额出现分化。它能确定市场构成的变化,但无法独立显示稳定币活动在日常支付中所占的比例。

Coinbase设定欧洲地区受限稳定币余额的最后期限为10月30日。

Coinbase

Coinbase 已将 2026 年 10 月 30 日设定为欧洲经济区 (EEA) 零售客户持有的特定稳定币的提现截止日期。其客户通知称,受影响的剩余余额将按市场汇率转换为 USDC(如适用)或其他受支持的资产或货币。要点:剩余余额将如何处理?Coinbase 表示,受影响资产的买卖和转换将受到限制。在自动转换过程中,余额可能会短暂显示为零,之后才会记入相应的资产并显示交易历史记录。该通知适用于 Coinbase 卢森堡服务商提供的 EEA 零售客户。它并未宣布全球提现截止日期。对于比较稳定币设计和风险的持有者而言,平台可用性与代币的预期价格稳定性是两个不同的考量因素。即使特定提供商限制其服务,代币仍可能继续在链上流通。提现需要兼容的目标位置。使用外部钱包的客户需要检查支持的代币和区块链网络。选择加密货币钱包类型还涉及到私钥的控制权归属问题。自行保管意味着持有者需对密钥和恢复信息负责。转移资产会改变保管安排,但并不会消除发行方或代币风险。Coinbase 提醒,后续充值将不会记入账户或包含在转换中。在某些情况下,技术上可能可以恢复,但无法保证。结论:截止日期涉及平台持续支持和现有余额的处理。客户应保留转换记录,因为资产兑换可能在其所在司法管辖区产生税务影响。

加拿大提议设定稳定币赎回截止日期并限制收益支付

加拿大提出的稳定币方案

加拿大正在就稳定币监管草案进行公众咨询,该草案将对储备金支持、赎回和发行方提供的奖励设定要求。该草案于10月24日在《加拿大宪报》上发布,并于10月26日见诸报端,旨在帮助落实加拿大《稳定币法》。公众咨询将持续至12月23日。草案要求尚未最终确定。要点:储备金支持和赎回是重中之重。根据拟议框架,非银行发行方需持有与其流通稳定币价值相等的储备金,这些储备金存放在符合条件的加拿大金融机构。对于用户而言,储备金支持和赎回是稳定币运作的核心。一种旨在追踪一加元的代币仍然依赖于支持资产以及一条可行的兑换成传统货币的途径。官方草案规定,用户可随时申请赎回,且不设最低赎回金额。赎回费用不得超过赎回价值的1%。说明指出,三个工作日的窗口期涵盖了在必要时清算储备资产以及启动法币转账。不应将其视为保证资金在规定时间内到达每位收款人的银行账户。交易奖励将与收益区分开来。该提案将明确发行方支付利息或收益以鼓励客户持有稳定币的限制,包括通过与其他方的安排。仅与使用稳定币而非持有稳定币挂钩的奖励将被允许。这种区别将支付激励与余额收益区分开来。交易奖励将与根据持有量或持有时间计算的支付区别对待。这对支付用户意味着什么?此次咨询与加拿大加密货币汇款通道的讨论相关,其中代币与当地货币之间的转换是转账过程的一部分。对于使用加密钱包进行支付的企业而言,区块链结算和现金兑换是两个独立的操作步骤。快速代币转账并不能确定获得可用银行资金所需的时间或总成本。拟议的兑换截止日期和费用上限针对的是发行方在该过程中的部分。用户仍然需要考虑支付过程中任何单独的转换费、平台费或提现费。结论:加拿大提出的方案将储备金支持、赎回渠道和奖励用途置于其稳定币框架的核心。最终法规将明确发行方必须满足的要求。目前,此次咨询主要概述了拟议的保护措施,而非已生效的保证。